Overcoming Challenges in Predictive Modeling of Laser-Plasma Interaction Scenarios. The Sinuous Route from Advanced Machine Learning to Deep Learning

The interaction of ultrashort and intense laser pulses with solid targets and dense plasmas is a rapidly developing area of physics, this being mostly due to the significant advancements in laser technology. There is, thus, a growing interest in diagnosing as accurately as possible the numerous phenomena related to the absorption and reflection of laser radiation. At the same time, envisaged experiments are in high demand of increased accuracy simulation software. As laser-plasma interaction modelings are experiencing a transition from computationally-intensive to data-intensive problems, traditional codes employed so far are starting to show their limitations. It is in this context that predictive modelings of laser-plasma interaction experiments are bound to reshape the definition of simulation software. This chapter focuses an entire class of predictive systems incorporating big data, advanced machine learning algorithms and deep learning, with improved accuracy and speed. Making use of terabytes of already available information (literature as well as simulation and experimental data) these systems enable the discovery and understanding of various physical phenomena occurring during interaction, hence allowing researchers to set up controlled experiments at optimal parameters. A comparative discussion in terms of challenges, advantages, bottlenecks, performances and suitability of laser-plasma interaction predictive systems is ultimately provided

La gestación por sustitución desde la perspectiva del Derecho Internacional Privado

La gestación por sustitución es un tema de gran relevancia que ha originado distintos debates éticos, morales, biológicos, económicos y jurídicos. En este tema se trata de ver cual es el régimen jurídico actual de la gestación por sustitución y cuales son las carencias en la regulación de esta práctica a nivel nacional, abordar el tema del orden público internacional, así como ver cómo se regula esta figura en el mundo

THE NEED OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY APPROACH ON LANDSLIDES RESEARCH IN ROMANIA

According to the World Atlas of Natural Hazards (McGuire et al., 2004), the landslides are the most frequent and worldwide developed natural hazard. It can occur on any type of terrain where exist the proper conditions concerning the soil or bedrock, groundwater and slope. The landslides usually occur accompanying the other natural hazards like heavy rainfall, floods and earthquakes. In time, all subgroups of natural hazards (cosmic, geological, hydro-meteorological and biological) have been recorded in Romania. Types of natural hazard are very numerous (over 67). But five from the most important hazards, regarding the number of dead or affected persons, or economic damages, are the earthquakes, floods, droughts, excessive temperatures and landslides (Marinescu et al., 2010).Actually, the landslides affect strong many country’s regions. The high frequency of landslides on land have great importance in the evolution and shaping of the landscape. Large areas of agricultural land suffered from landslides which also damaged various buildings both in villages and cities, and destroyed roads, railways, etc. Damage in industrial areas is also important. Landslide terrains could seal some running rivers causing partial or total blocking of leakage. The landslide research involves considerable human and financial efforts. Being on very complex process, its survey implies the using of many scientific disciplines. The need for interdisciplinary approach within the landslides, who to conduct at better knowledge and, finally at more adequate stabilization solutions, is the main objective of this paper

THE NEED OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY APPROACH ON LANDSLIDES RESEARCH IN ROMANIA

According to the World Atlas of Natural Hazards (McGuire et al., 2004), the landslides are the most frequent and worldwide developed natural hazard. It can occur on any type of terrain where exist the proper conditions concerning the soil or bedrock, groundwater and slope. The landslides usually occur accompanying the other natural hazards like heavy rainfall, floods and earthquakes. In time, all subgroups of natural hazards (cosmic, geological, hydro-meteorological and biological) have been recorded in Romania. Types of natural hazard are very numerous (over 67). But five from the most important hazards, regarding the number of dead or affected persons, or economic damages, are the earthquakes, floods, droughts, excessive temperatures and landslides (Marinescu et al., 2010).Actually, the landslides affect strong many country’s regions. The high frequency of landslides on land have great importance in the evolution and shaping of the landscape. Large areas of agricultural land suffered from landslides which also damaged various buildings both in villages and cities, and destroyed roads, railways, etc. Damage in industrial areas is also important. Landslide terrains could seal some running rivers causing partial or total blocking of leakage. The landslide research involves considerable human and financial efforts. Being on very complex process, its survey implies the using of many scientific disciplines. The need for interdisciplinary approach within the landslides, who to conduct at better knowledge and, finally at more adequate stabilization solutions, is the main objective of this paper

La gestación por sustitución desde la perspectiva del Derecho Internacional Privado

La gestación por sustitución es un tema de gran relevancia que ha originado distintos debates éticos, morales, biológicos, económicos y jurídicos. En este tema se trata de ver cual es el régimen jurídico actual de la gestación por sustitución y cuales son las carencias en la regulación de esta práctica a nivel nacional, abordar el tema del orden público internacional, así como ver cómo se regula esta figura en el mundo

Pour une approche anthropologique des monuments historiques et de la patrimonialisation (le cas de la Roumanie après 1989)

L objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre et d analyser la patrimonialisation des monuments historiques en tant que processus social impliquant des acteurs institutionnels, collectifs et individuels. La patrimonialisation, comprise comme l enchaînement par lequel certains biens acquièrent le statut de patrimoine, commence avec l acquisition de la conscience patrimoniale, se manifeste ensuite dans la réglementation du domaine et finit par les actions concrètes de classification et de protection du patrimoine. Si la première étape se déploie dans la longue durée et est diffuse, les deux dernières étapes, que j ai nommé la patrimonialisation officielle, font l objet des actions précises des acteurs institutionnels, au niveau national et au niveau local. L analyse de la législation en matière, l étude des acteurs basée sur des entretiens et sur l observation, menés dans la période 2006 2010, rendent visibles les représentations que les acteurs se font des monuments historiques et les logiques qui se trouvent à la base de leurs actions. La patrimonialisation en Roumanie sera appréhendée comme un processus imbriqué, effervescent et le monument historique une notion en permanence négociée et redéfinie.The objective of this research is to understand and analyze the patrimonialization of historical monuments as a social process involving institutional, collective and individual actors. As the sequence by which certain goods acquire the heritage status, the patrimonialization begins with the attainment of patrimonial consciousness, then arrives to regulation of the field and finalizes in the concrete actions of classification and protection of cultural heritage. If the first stage unfolds in the long term and is diffuse, the last two ones, covering the official patrimonialization, are the object of specific actions of institutional actors, both at national and local level. The analysis of the legislation, the study of actors based on interviews and observation, conducted in the period 2006 - 2010, display the representations the actors are making about the historical monuments and the logics founding their actions. The Romanian patrimonialization will be grasped as an intertwined and effervescent process and the historical monument as a notion incessantly negotiated and redefined.BORDEAUX2-Bib. électronique (335229905) / SudocSudocFranceF

Thin Films Based on Cobalt Phthalocyanine:C60 Fullerene:ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite Obtained by Laser Evaporation

Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) was used to deposit hybrid nanocomposite thin films based on cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), C60 fullerene and ZnO nanoparticles. The inorganic nanoparticles, with a size of about 20 nm, having the structural and optical properties characteristic of ZnO, were chemically synthesized by a simple precipitation method. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in a dimethyl sulfoxide solution in which CoPc and C60 had been dissolved, ready for the freezing MAPLE target. The effect of the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the CoPc:C60:ZnO hybrid nanocomposite layers deposited by MAPLE was evaluated. The infrared spectra of the hybrid nanocomposite films confirm that the CoPc and C60 preserve their chemical structure during the laser deposition process. The CoPc optical signature is recognized in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra of the obtained layers, these being dominated by the absorption bands associated to this organic compound while the ZnO optical fingerprint is identified in the photoluminescence spectra of the prepared layers, these disclosing the emission bands linked to this inorganic semiconductor. The hybrid nanocomposite layers exhibit globular morphology, which is typical for the thin films deposited by MAPLE. Current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of the structures developed on CoPc:C60:ZnO layers reveal that the addition of an appropriate amount of ZnO nanoparticles in the CoPc:C60 mixture leads to a more efficient charge transfer between the organic and inorganic components. Due to their photovoltaic effect, structures featuring such hybrid nanocomposite thin films deposited by MAPLE can have potential applications in the field of photovoltaic devices

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Silicon Nitride Ceramic: Modeling versus Integral Transform Technique with Experimental Correlation

A semi-analytical-numerical solution is theorized to describe the laser additive manufacturing via laser-bulk ceramic interaction modeling. The Fourier heat equation was used to infer the thermal distribution within the ceramic sample. Appropriate boundary conditions, including convection and radiation, were applied to the bulk sample. It was irradiated with a Gaussian spatial continuous mode fiber laser (λ = 1.075 µm) while a Lambert-Beer law was assumed to describe the laser beam absorption. A close correlation between computational predictions versus experimental results was validated in the case of laser additive manufacturing of silicon nitride bulk ceramics. The thermal field value rises but stays confined within the irradiated zone due to heat propagation with an infinite speed, a characteristic of the Fourier heat equation. An inverse correlation was observed between the laser beam scanning speed and thermal distribution intensity. Whenever the laser scanning speed increases, photons interact with and transfer less energy to the sample, resulting in a lower thermal distribution intensity. This model could prove useful for the description and monitoring of low-intensity laser beam-ceramic processing

Biomimetic Collagen/Zn²⁺-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Composite Coatings on Titanium Substrates as Prospective Bioactive Layer for Implants: A Comparative Study Spin Coating vs. MAPLE

Synthesis of biomimetic materials for implants and prostheses is a hot topic in nanobiotechnology strategies. Today the major approach of orthopaedic implants in hard tissue engineering is represented by titanium implants. A comparative study of hybrid thin coatings deposition was performed by spin coating and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) onto titanium substrates. The Collagen-calcium phosphate (Coll-CaPs) combination was selected as the best option to mimic natural bone tissue. To accelerate the mineralization process, Zn2+ ions were inserted by substitution in CaPs. A superior thin film homogeneity was assessed by MAPLE, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. A decrease of P-O and amide absorbance bands was observed as a consequence of different Zn2+ amounts. A variety of structural modifications of the apatite layer are then generated, which influenced the confinement process towards the collagen template. The in-vitro Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) assay demonstrated the ability of Coll/Zn2+-CaPs coatings to stimulate the mineralization process as a result of synergic effects in the collagen-Zn2+ substituted apatite. For both deposition methods, the formation of droplets associated to the growth of CaPs particulates inside the collagen matrix was visualized. This supports the prospective behavior of MAPLE biomimetic coatings to induce mineralization, as an essential step of fast implant integration with vivid tissues

Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE) for In Vitro Diagnostic Purpose

Due to rapidly spreading infectious diseases and the high incidence of other diseases such as cancer or metabolic syndrome, there is a continuous need for the development of rapid and accurate diagnosis methods. Screen-printed electrodes-based biosensors have been reported to offer reliable results, with high sensitivity and selectivity and, in some cases, low detection limits. There are a series of materials (carbon, gold, platinum, etc.) used for the manufacturing of working electrodes. Each version comes with advantages, as well as challenges for their functionalization. Thus, the aim is to review the most promising biosensors developed using screen-printed electrodes for the detection/quantification of proteins, biomarkers, or pathogenic microorganisms